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Geographic tongue (Glossitis)-Definition, symptoms and treatment.

Geographic tongue.(Glossitis)

Geographic tongue is characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue. This gives it a map-like appearance.

Geographic tongue is a condition that causes chronic and recurrent lesions on the tongue that resemble psoriasis of the skin. It is characterized by pink to red, slightly depressed lesions with irregular, elevated, white or yellow borders. The lesions may also occur in the mucosa of the mouth and labia; this condition is called "areata migrans" because these lesions typically disappear from one area and show up in another. The tongue is normally covered with tiny, pinkish-white bumps (papillae ), which are actually short, fine, hair-like projections. With geographic tongue , patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae and appear as smooth, red "islands," often with slightly raised borders. These patches (lesions) give the tongue a map-like, or geographic, appearance. In most cases there are no symptoms but sometimes it is painful when inflamed. The cause of this condition is unknown. Many researchers think it is linked with psoriasis, but more research is needed to better understand the connection. Also, hereditary and environmental factors may be involved. The condition is benign and localized, generally requiring no treatment except reassurance. If painful, it may be treated with steroid gels or antihistamine mouth rinses.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of geographic tongue may include:

  • Smooth, red, irregularly shaped patches (lesions) on the top or side of your tongue
  • Frequent changes in the location, size and shape of lesions
  • Discomfort, pain or burning sensation in some cases, most often related to eating spicy or acidic foods

Many people with geographic tongue have no symptoms.

Geographic tongue can continue for days, months or years. The problem often resolves on its own but may appear again at a later time.

Treatment

No treatment is needed. Antihistamine gel or steroid mouth rinses may help ease discomfort.

Although geographic tongue usually subsides on its own but to prevent the discomfort and unusual sensitivity, the doctor may suggest one of the following treatment protocols. These include:

  • Over the counter pain relief
  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Antihistamine mouth solutions
  • Mouthwashes and rinses with anaesthetic
  • Corticosteroids that can be placed on the tongue
  • Vitamin B or zinc supplements
Source.

*https://www.nchmd.org/education/mayo-health-library/details/CON-20199567
*https://www.malacards.org/card/geographic_tongue

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